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Specifying hardwood timber for Australian boardwalks
Things to know about Class 1 Australian hardwood timber when designing community access structures
Things to know about Class 1 Australian hardwood timber when designing community access structures
Implementing Hardwood Timber
Class 1 Australian hardwood timber is a commonly used material for boardwalk construction in Australia. Correctly designed and specified it provides excellent performance and project outcomes. Any risk with hardwood timber almost always comes from misapplication, incorrect species or grade specification or poor design, not material failure. For example, choosing timber based purely on aesthetics or past experience without consideration of the specific project needs is where materiality mistakes are often made. The cost of such decisions is typically felt later through increased maintenance and reduced operational lifespan. Class 1 hardwood timber is ideally suited to many boardwalk projects with particular benefits for sites that are well ventilated and those with heritage considerations. As with any material choices, lifecycle project thinking is critical to balance upfront design and installation costs with longer term obligations relating to maintenance. FORGE brings decades of experience working with Class 1 Australian hardwood timber and can help you make informed decisions long before contracts and designs are locked in.
Material selection is critical in the successful delivery of boardwalks in Australian communities. Whether specifying the right species and grade of hardwood timber, choosing FRP composites or even hybrid systems, councils, landscape architects, engineers, architects, developers, contractors and asset managers must carefully assess all project and site variables to ensure these vital access structures meet all operational and budgetary requirements while maximising safety for users and design life. Correctly designed and specified, Class 1 Australian hardwood timber can perform brilliantly for many decades. The key is making the right informed choice for each individual project.
Boardwalk Construction
Class 1 Australian hardwood timber is a proven and widely used material for boardwalk construction. While it’s built an excellent track record across Australia for many decades, every application is different so it’s essential to ensure it is the right material for your specific project and site. This is because the risk in boardwalk construction almost never comes from material failure. It comes from poor design, incorrect species or grade specification (in the case of timber structures) and misapplication, which is why FORGE partners closely with clients to ensure informed up-front decisions are made for every boardwalk project.
Better understanding drives better project outcomes
It’s important to avoid locking in material choices before a thorough site and project assessment has been completed. This is essential in order to understand traffic loads, environmental conditions and ongoing maintenance commitments, all within the context of the project budget. Without this vital information key decisions can be unevenly influenced by aesthetics, familiarity or simply what was used previously. Doing so can lead to unwanted consequences in years to come including unforeseen maintenance bills, compliance concerns and significantly reduced operational lifespan.
Where Class 1 Australian hardwood timber typically performs best
Different species and grades of Class 1 Australian hardwood timber are suited to different applications. When correctly designed, specified and detailed, hardwood timber typically excels in ventilated and heritage-sensitive environments such as inland walking tracks, park settings and areas where natural character is a genuine requirement and conditions are mild enough to support its longevity. Timber offers high compressive and tensile strength and excellent levels of workability with standard tools, making it versatile and generally easy to work with. It’s also a naturally renewable and biodegradable resource. While timber naturally fades and weathers visually over time, when correctly maintained it retains its strength for decades.
Whole-of-life cost
It’s easy to focus on upfront costs, but lifecycle cost is the full story for any boardwalk structure. When you factor in inspection schedules, surface treatments, section replacements and compliance upgrades over a 25+ year asset life, the material that looked expensive at tender could prove to be the more economical choice. It’s a conversation worth having early long before contracts are signed and designs are locked in. FORGE brings extensive experience across all material options for boardwalks, including hardwood timber. We don’t advocate for one material over the other, rather we advocate making the right decision for your unique project.
Key Considerations
When considering the use of Class 1 Australian hardwood timber for a boardwalk, several key factors should be used to guide the decision beyond the upfront cost.
Hardwood timber is inherently strong, but it can be susceptible to checking, splitting and biological attack over time, particularly in wet environments if a structure has been poorly designed.
To maximise the design life of a hardwood timber structure it will typically need to be inspected and cleaned periodically, with damaged boards replaced.
Sawn hardwood surfaces can become slippery in shaded areas when damp and left grow mildew or mould. Shaded areas may require periodic cleaning to ensure continued user safety.
Hardwood timber structures can be vulnerable to salt and moisture ingress at fixing points, however correct detailing can address these issues.
Hardwood timber boardwalks are generally heavier than FRP and composite systems, but still a very familiar and easy-to-use material choice for most contractors.
Hardwood timber structures can be designed to meet all relevant Australian Standards (e.g. AS 1428, AS 4586) for boardwalks and public access structures.
Certified hardwood from sustainably managed forests carries strong environmental credentials and is recyclable and fully renewable.
Class 1 Hardwood
- Structural framing and decking
- “Heritage” builds with an emphasis on natural aesthetics
- Kick rails, kerbs
- Natural, renewable and biodegradable
- High compressive and tensile strength
- Excellent workability with standard tools
- Warm, natural aesthetic
- Can be repaired, refinished and recycled
- Vulnerable to moisture, rot and termites if incorrectly designed
- Variable quality between species and grades
- Dimensional movement with humidity cycles
- Low, when designed, specified and detailed correctly
- Clean off debris annually
- Some sections/boards may need replacing over time
- Total cost rises with maintenance and replacement cycles
- Premium hardwoods can last 40–50+ years
- Recyclable and biodegradable.
How FORGE helps you choose the right boardwalk material
FORGE brings over 50 years of expertise delivering high-quality boardwalks across some of Australia’s most demanding environments, from sensitive tidal wetlands and mangrove systems to remote rainforests and bushfire-prone communities, giving us a deep understanding of the use of Class 1 Australian hardwood timber as a key structural material.
Our proven boardwalk solutions are designed, engineered and specified with material selection at the centre of the process. Whether your site demands the natural warmth of hardwood timber or the corrosion resistance and low maintenance of FRP, we assess the unique forces at play including salt, sand and wind exposure, tidal forces, debris loading, erosion, prolonged inundation and heavy pedestrian traffic, to ensure the specified materials deliver structural integrity without compromise for years to come.
By combining an experienced in-house team with our early contractor engagement model, FORGE works collaboratively with councils, landscape architects and developers to validate material choices through a cost, durability, maintenance and risk-informed lens before work even begin on site.
The right material, selected early and for the right reasons, means fewer surprises, a better outcome for your budget and a boardwalk your community will enjoy for decades to come.
Projects
FORGE has extensive experience in delivering hardwood timber boardwalks in communities across Australia.
- Rozelle Parklands Boardwalk
- Bokarina Wetland & Riparian Corridor
- NSW Golf Course Coastal Walk
- Hinchinbrook Creek
- Nawi Cove at Barangaroo Boardwalks
- Bay Trail Extension Boardwalk, Point Cook
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Rozelle Parklands Boardwalk
Located on the site of the old Rozelle Rail Yards in Sydney’s inner west, Rozelle Parklands is a central component of WestConnex – Australia’s largest road project. Delivered for Transport for NSW through a $3.9 billion joint venture between John Holland and CPB (JHCPB), the project featured significant tunnelling for a new underground motorway interchange together with extensive above-groundwork to create an expansive new public domain for the local community.
As part of the 10-hectare greenspace, FORGE was engaged to cost, detail, manufacture and hand-install a custom 80-metre hardwood timber boardwalk based on our WATERSIDE™ system. -
Bokarina Wetland & Riparian Corridor
Bokarina Beach is a premium 30-hectare residential community overlooking Lake Kawana on the Sunshine Coast. The developers, Stockland, selected FORGE (formerly Fleetwood Urban) to collaborate on the design and construction of several key elements within the community’s expansive parklands, including a series of contemporary shelters and an environmentally-sensitive walkway allowing locals to explore the natural beauty of the surrounding local wetlands.
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NSW Golf Course Coastal Walk
The spectacular Eastern Beaches Coastal Walkway in Sydney’s eastern suburbs is enjoyed by millions of people every year. However with several gaps between Clovelly and La Perouse, it was still incomplete.
FORGE (formerly Fleetwood Urban) was chosen to work with Antoun Civil and Thompson Berrill Landscape Design to deliver a critical missing link in the walkway for Randwick City Council – an iconic sixth hole buggy boardwalk at the prestigious NSW Golf Course.
The new structure also doubled as a pedestrian bridge to help walkers safely traverse through the golf course on the La Perouse headland. -
Hinchinbrook Creek
Elizabeth Hills is a prized residential community in Western Sydney characterised by gentle slopes, meandering creeks and open grassed woodlands.
As part of the expansive, rustic-inspired masterplan, FORGE (formerly Fleetwood Urban) was contracted to deliver multiple Access and Shade elements for the site’s developers, Mirvac. The most significant was a 30-metre multi-span pedestrian bridge over Hinchinbrook Creek which we delivered using a variation on our standard Balmoral system, customised in collaboration with landscape architects, Sturt Noble Associates. -
Nawi Cove at Barangaroo Boardwalks
Working in close collaboration with prominent US landscape architect Peter Walker and local landscape architects Johnson Pilton Walker, FORGE (formerly Fleetwood Urban) helped to transform the former industrial waterfront site at the northern edge of Barangaroo into an inspired natural space for community activities and recreation.
Officially named Nawi Cove (‘Nawi’ is a Sydney aboriginal word for the small bark canoes that were used in the harbour by the local Indigenous residents including ‘Barangaroo’, the wife of Bennelong), the award-winning transformation included recreating the foreshore’s original shape and elevation, while also adding a boardwalk promenade, public deck, jetty and a pontoon for small vessels. -
Bay Trail Extension Boardwalk, Point Cook
Parks Victoria wanted to provide a faster, safer and more direct journey for the community to walk, run and cycle along the popular Bay Trail between Williamstown and Point Cook Coastal Park, west of Melbourne.
Following an open tender, FORGE (formerly Fleetwood Urban) was appointed to construct a 260-metre ‘missing link’ at the northern section of the trail extension on Crown land managed by Parks Victoria, overlooking Port Phillip Bay and the sensitive Cheetham Wetlands conservation reserve. The solution was an elevated community boardwalk, reducing a 3.8km detour down to just 400 metres.
Your Questions Answered
FAQ
FAQ
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What material performs better for Australian boardwalks: hardwood timber or FRP?
There is no single answer to this question. Both sustainably sourced Class 1 Australian hardwood timber and fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) can deliver outstanding performance in boardwalk applications, as can hybrid solutions that feature both. Every boardwalk needs to be specified with materials that are fit-for-purpose, considering the unique requirements of the site, structure and budget.
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What materials does FORGE recommend using for boardwalks?
Every boardwalk project is unique, and the materials chosen will have far-reaching implications for performance, cost, safety and longevity. While FORGE works with a wide range of materials for boardwalk projects, the two most common choices are sustainably sourced Class 1 Australian hardwood timber and fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite systems.
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Are all hardwood timbers the same?
No. Different species and grades of hardwood timber look and behave very differently. FORGE specifies from an extensive range of Class 1 Australian hardwood timber species and brings a deep understanding of these unique visual and structural characteristics to every project. From Ironbark and Spotted Gum to Blackbutt and Tallowwood, it is essential to specify the correct species and grade for your project and then detail it accordingly.
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How do local conditions influence design and material choice?
Site conditions play a significant role in the design and material specification of any boardwalk particularly in terms of maximising design life and meeting all necessary sustainability benchmarks. The site and surrounding environment will typically have quite a direct influence on the overall type of structure recommended and can also have a very direct influence on the selection of materials and fittings. It’s essentially that every boardwalk is fit-for-purpose.
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Can FORGE construct boardwalks in environmentally sensitive areas?
FORGE has extensive experience in designing and constructing boardwalks in environmentally sensitive and protected habitats. Great care is always taken to ensure the structure has the lightest possible environmental footprint and is able to be installed with little (or even no) use of machinery. Some of our most impressive projects were entirely constructed by hand, including manually-driven piles and materials that were carried to the site on foot.
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Can boardwalks be prefabricated off-site for quicker installation?
Yes they can, and in many cases that’s exactly what we recommend and do. By intentionally designing boardwalks in modular form, the main structural elements can often be fully or partially pre-assembled in controlled conditions off-site, maximising quality while also minimising installation time. The result is greater savings, better outcomes and reduced community disruption.
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What maintenance considerations are important for boardwalks?
Every boardwalk will have its own maintenance requirements to help maximise its design life based on its location, usage, design and materials. FORGE provides full maintenance recommendations and scheduling guides at the final handover. Many of our clients choose to manage this themselves, however ongoing maintenance arrangements can be negotiated on a project-by-project basis.
Leader in Boardwalks
FORGE is an Australian leader in the design, detailing and delivery of boardwalks and access structures. With deep expertise across all material options, including Class 1 Australian hardwood timber, we guide councils, landscape architects and developers through one of the most consequential material decisions in any boardwalk project, identifying the solutions that best balance aesthetic appeal, long-term value and performance in even the harshest of environments.
Contact
To discuss your upcoming boardwalk project with the specialist FORGE access team, please get in touch today.