FORGE
Why early design clarity reduces infrastructure costs
Greater up-front design certainty is the key to eliminating project variations and budget blowouts.
Greater up-front design certainty is the key to eliminating project variations and budget blowouts.
Early Certainty
Construction costs traditionally occupy a significant amount of time and energy during the procurement process. However the biggest budget risks for outdoor infrastructure projects are almost always set far earlier through the decisions and commitments made months and even years before construction begins. It’s easy to focus on what is being built. But unplanned redesigns, compliance surprises, unforeseen ground conditions and disconnects between design and construction intent are where agreed budgets frequently come unstuck. The FORGE Methodology addresses these issues directly. Through rigorous upfront investigation and design resolution, we partner with clients to eliminate project unknowns long before they become variations. Early engagement drives significantly greater design, delivery and budget certainty. It means you and your stakeholders can commit to every project with confidence, and a construction phase that delivers what was promised - on time, on budget.
For Every Project Partner
Early design clarity benefits everyone involved in the cost-effective delivery of outdoor infrastructure projects. Councils and asset owners managing public infrastructure. Developers enhancing community amenity. Architects, landscape architects and engineers navigating complex briefs and tight budgets. For all project stakeholders greater design certainty means fewer budget risks and unknowns. If you’re involved in shaping, funding, designing or delivering outdoor community structures, understanding where budget risk truly originates isn’t a ‘nice to have’ - it’s essential.
The Real Cost Drivers
When considering upcoming construction projects, attention naturally gravitates towards one question: what will it cost to build? It’s an understandable instinct given construction costs are visible, tangible and easy to compare. But this focus alone often misses the biggest risks to your project budget.
FORGE has been delivering outdoor infrastructure in Australian communities for over 50 years and one of the main lessons we’ve learned is that the decisions that most significantly shape your final project cost aren’t made during construction. They’re made months -sometimes years earlier.
Scope commitments, site assumptions, design directions and procurement strategies established in the early phases of a project quietly set the financial trajectory long before any construction contracts are awarded. By the time construction begins, much of your budget destiny is already written both good and bad.
Project cost blowouts rarely happen simply because a contractor charges more than they originally quoted. They typically can be traced back to four common mistakes:
1. Constant redesigns driven by incomplete briefs, shifting stakeholder expectations or unresolved design intent. These can trigger a chain-reaction of variations, with each one further eroding contingency and extending programmes.
2. Unforeseen ground conditions that emerge because initial geotechnical investigations are deferred or insufficient, turning a confident estimate into an open-ended liability.
3. Compliance surprises when planning, heritage or building code requirements haven’t been fully worked through upfront - forcing costly design changes under time pressure.
4. Disconnects between design intent and construction reality. This is one of the biggest financial risks to any project. Where the approved design documentation doesn’t reflect how something will actually be built in the real world it can produce a steady stream of changes, delays and disputed variations that quietly drain budgets and stakeholder patience.
Of course, none of these four situations are inevitable. They are almost always the result of insufficient investigation and risk resolution early in the project development process.
Rigorous upfront investigation isn’t always easy. It takes time and discipline at a stage when many clients are eager to move toward tangible progress. While this tension is real and understandable, it’s essential to remind stakeholders that the cost of any unknowns discovered during construction can be far greater than the cost of resolving them before procurement begins.
Through structured, front-end investigation and thorough design resolution, FORGE works in genuine partnership with clients to identify and eliminate project unknowns long before they become contractual variations. The result is a procurement process built on certainty rather than assumption and a construction phase that proceeds with fewer surprises, tighter cost control and the confidence that what was promised will be delivered.
Key Considerations
Achieving genuine design clarity before construction begins is one of the most important steps in the delivery of your project. It requires deliberate investigation, honest interrogation of assumptions and disciplined resolution of any unknowns that could otherwise emerge later as variations. In our experience these are some of the key considerations that will deliver you the best possible project outcome:
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Brief Quality
Sets the foundation for everything that follows. A vague or incomplete brief invites interpretation, and interpretation invites inconsistency and conflict. Ensuring the project brief is thorough, agreed and signed off early is the single most important step a client can take.
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Stakeholder Alignment
This should be clearly established before your design progresses too far. Misaligned expectations between internal stakeholders, end users and decision-makers are one of the most common drivers of costly redesigns
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Site Investigation
Understanding ground conditions, services, contamination risks and existing constraints early means the design can respond to project’s reality, removing assumptions from the equation.
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Regulatory and Compliance Clarity
Planning requirements, heritage overlays, building codes and authority conditions should be identified and resolved during design, not discovered during construction documentation or on site.
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Design Intent Documentation
Can what’s been designed actually be built in the real world? Ambiguous or incomplete documentation is a common source of RFIs, delays and disputed variations during construction.
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Consultant Coordination
when projects feature consultants from different disciplines - architectural, structural, civil, mechanical and beyond they must be actively managed. Unresolved clashes between consultants are frequent source of delays and cost blowouts .
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Budget Reconciliation
This should occur continuously throughout design development, not as a one-off exercise at the end. Allowing design to drift from budget without regular checkpoint reviews is how cost blowouts begin.
One Design & Delivery Partner
Traditional project delivery models see Design and Construction treated as separate functions, leaving clients exposed to frustrating redesigns, budget blowouts and lost intent. At FORGE we believe this model isn’t just outdated - it’s broken. Instead, the proprietary FORGE Methodology integrates design, engineering, materiality and construction expertise from day one. Risk is eliminated, cost certainly is guaranteed and your vision is protected with a single accountable partner from concept to completion. For many clients the process begins with our Design Scoping Package™ service. It gives you maximum design and delivery clarity at concept stage even on large and complex of outdoor projects and provides the ability to make early changes as required with minimal impact to cost or timelines.
Projects
Year after year, the FORGE Methodology delivers greater design clarity to high-profile outdoor infrastructure projects across Australia. Here are just some of the projects that have benefited directly by beginning with our Design Scoping Package™.
- Dawson Mall Arbour
- Conondale Park Custom Play
- Glen Innes Skywalk
- ANZAC Memorial, Googong
- Clovelly Shade Shelters
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Dawson Mall Arbour
FORGE was formally contracted to deliver one of the most visible pillars of the Masterplan – a kaleidoscopic curved custom arbour snaking its way through leafy Dawson Mall.
As complex to detail as it was colourful to look at, the creative concept was originally conceived by CHROFI Architects. It featured an interconnected series of giant curved steel tubes, finished with more than 20km of hand-wound steel-cored rope and LED strip lighting and spotlights.
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Conondale Park Custom Play
Inspired by the history and geology of surrounding area, the park design features the extensive use of local natural timbers and reclaimed volcanic rock with custom play elements including a ‘Fallen Log Forest’, swing set and a 32-metre adventure course.
Inspired by the region’s historic volcanic lava flows, the design vision from Mala Studio was highly original - and also highly complex to realise. In particular, the main ‘Fallen Log Forest’ play experience - including a 32-metre adventure course - featured multiple overlapping layers, with forest play, volcanic play, programmed play and connection play all radiating out from a central climbing spine.
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Glen Innes Skywalk
Glen Innes Severn Council was seeking to deliver a series of high-profile community infrastructure upgrades as part of its Centennial Parklands Master Concept Plan. FORGE (formerly Fleetwood Urban) was engaged to design and deliver one of the most anticipated new elements: a spectacular public ‘skywalk’ providing uninterrupted views of Glen Innes township and the picturesque Northern Tablelands.
Stretching 80 metres from end to end, a network of customised raised boardwalks and all-access viewing platforms was created based on our proprietary Waterside system.
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ANZAC Memorial, Googong
Googong is a fast-growing township near Queanbeyan, less than 16km from Parliament House in Canberra. The ambitious 780-hectare masterplan is being co-delivered by Mirvac and Peet and, when complete, will be home to more than 18,000 people.
Servicing such a large and dynamic residential community requires a significant amount of accessible open space and amenity. This is something that’s seen FORGE (formerly Fleetwood Urban) work hand-in-hand with Googong’s landscape architects, AECOM, since 2018 to design and deliver pedestrian bridges, boardwalks, shade shelters, bus stops, an entry sculpture and even a customised ANZAC Memorial featuring six giant laser-cut rolled steel poppy flowers.
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Clovelly Shade Shelters
They may look like giant birdcages. But there’s nothing flighty about these three architecturally-designed arbours along Carrington Road in Sydney’s Eastern Suburbs.
Not so long ago this space was just a generic dirt, grass and concrete median strip in bustling Clovelly. But through the ambition of Randwick City Council and the creativity of landscape architects JMD Design, a remarkable urban transformation has taken place to create the Clovelly and Carrington Road Pocket Park - expertly realised by the design and delivery team at FORGE.
Your Questions Answered
FAQ
FAQ
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Is early engagement important to maximise project outcomes?
Yes, in fact it’s one of the most important things you can do. Early engagement brings the key delivery specialists and stakeholders together at the start of your project allowing objectives to be fully understood, issues to be properly identified and options to be thoroughly explored long before construction contracts are awarded. With significantly greater design, delivery and budget certainty you and your stakeholders can commit to your project with genuine confidence.
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What if construction needs to begin quickly and there isn’t time to get full design clarity beforehand?
Our advice is simple: be very careful. This type of thinking is often driven by stakeholders who aren’t directly involved in the delivery of projects - and it can backfire spectacularly. Any decision to begin construction without having completed thorough site, design, materiality, compliance and construction investigations is fraught with risks to both your programme and budget. In our experience a little extra time spent up front is prudent in the long run. As the cautionary saying goes: ’there’s never time to wait… yet somehow there’s always time to fix mistakes later’.
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How much does it cost to gain greater early design clarity on a project?
Every project is different. But one thing is certain. While accurately identifying and mitigating project risks and refining your design early will require an additional investment of time and resources upfront, the result can be significant in terms of workflow efficiencies - and cost savings later.
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What is a FORGE Design Scoping Package™?
A Design Scoping Package™ (DSP) is a proprietary, early-stage project delivery methodology offered exclusively by FORGE. For small upfront service fee it allows project teams to collaborate directly with design and delivery experts to confidently bridge the gap between a creative concept and real-world construction demands. This makes it an ideal way to begin complex outdoor infrastructure projects such as custom playgrounds, pedestrian bridges and boardwalks.
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What is better: timber vs composite boardwalk?
Neither is automatically better in every situation. Timber may offer a stronger natural appearance, while composite-style systems may reduce some maintenance issues. The decision should be based on performance, exposure, detailing, visual outcome and asset ownership priorities
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Why does slip resistance matter so much on boardwalks?
Slip resistance is critical because boardwalks are often exposed to water, sand, shade and changing weather conditions. In public and accessible environments, the walking surface needs to remain safe and reliable over time, not just when first installed.
Contact
FORGE is an Australian leader in the design and delivery of outdoor community structures. Guided by a collaborative approach that blends aesthetic form with value-driven function - while reducing risk at every project stage - we partner with councils, landscape architects and developers to deliver fit-for-purpose structures
To discuss your upcoming project with the specialist FORGE access team, please get in touch today.